Emerging differences in state grain trading: Australia and Canada
研究了澳大利亚小麦局和加拿大小麦局这两大国有贸易企业在过去六年中从相似走向差异的变化，分析了制度与立法改革如何导致营销体系与绩效的关键不同，对关注粮食贸易政策的研究者有用。
The Australian Wheat Board (AWB) and Canadian Wheat Board (CWB) have attracted attention recently because they are two of the largest state trading enterprises (STEs) engaged in agricultural trade. They have traditionally been viewed as nearly sister agencies. Among major STEs in the world market, these two agencies historically had similar characteristics including: price pooling, cost pooling, export sales monopolies, monopoly powers within domestic markets, grain quality control, and government underwriting of initial producer prices and export credit. However, during the past 6 years, similarities between the A WB and CWB have begun to diverge and the importance of their differences is becoming increasingly apparent. This paper identifies major emerging differences between the A WB and CWB and explores potential explanations (hypotheses) for these dissimilarities. A major point is that reforms in institutional design and legislative changes have given rise to emerging differences in key aspects of the marketing systems and performance. © 1997 Elsevier Science B.V.