The Condition of England and the Standard of Living: Cotton Textiles in the Northwest, 1806–1850
研究了1806至1850年英格兰西北部棉纺织业工人的生活水平，发现城市化带来的高租金和卫生条件差抵消了部分收入增长，且全体工人生活改善仅出现在1840年代。
This article examines the workers' standard of living in the cotton textile industry of Northwest England from 1806 to 1850. Hedonic earnings regressions using 1835 data suggest that power-loom weavers required substantial compensation for the high rents and poor sanitation of urban locations. Adjusting earnings in the factory sector for the impact of urbanization cuts growth in living standards by 10 percent, or up to one-quarter of gains realized by 1850. Inclusion of those employed in the handloom sector implies that any improvements in the living standards of all workers in the industry appeared only during the 1840s.