The Second Face of Appropriability: Generative Appropriability and Its Determinants
区分了两种可占有性：初级可占有性（利用发明作为问题解决机制并获取利润）和生成性可占有性（利用发明作为概念并获取其催生的未来发明的份额），识别了后者的关键管理决定因素。
We distinguish between two forms of appropriability: primary appropriability—effectiveness in exploiting inventions as problem-solving mechanisms and capturing a share of their profits—and generative appropriability—effectiveness in exploiting inventions as concepts and capturing a share of the future inventions they spawn. Recognizing that generative appropriability has two components—cumulative invention and preclusion of others—we identify its key managerially manipulable determinants and discuss the implications of the construct for the literature on the resource-based view and the literature on organizational learning.