Directive versus Empowering Leadership: A Field Experiment Comparing Impacts on Task Proficiency and Proactivity
在阿联酋的实地实验中，比较了指令型和授权型领导对客户评价的核心任务熟练度和主动行为的影响，发现两种领导风格均提升任务熟练度，但仅授权型领导提升主动性，且员工满意度调节了效果。
Using a field experiment in the United Arab Emirates, we compared the impacts of directive and empowering leadership on customer-rated core task proficiency and proactive behaviors. Results of tests for main effects demonstrated that both directive and empowering leadership increased work unit core task proficiency, but only empowering leadership increased proactive behaviors. Examination of boundary conditions revealed that directive leadership enhanced proactive behaviors for work units that were highly satisfied with their leaders, whereas empowering leadership had stronger effects on both core task proficiency and proactive behaviors for work units that were less satisfied with their leaders. We discuss implications for both theory and practice.