Communities of Practice and Social Learning Systems
认为组织成功取决于其设计为社会学习系统并参与行业、区域等更广泛学习系统的能力，探讨了社会学习系统的结构，提出学习的社会定义，并区分了三种参与模式。
This essay argues that the success of organizations depends on their ability to design themselves as social learning systems and also to participate in broader learning systems such as an industry, a region, or a consortium. It explores the structure of these social learning systems. It proposes a social definition of learning and distinguishes between three `modes of belonging' by which we participate in social learning systems. Then it uses this framework to look at three constitutive elements of these systems: communities of practice, boundary processes among these communities, and identities as shaped by our participation in these systems.