Professors in Core Science Fields Are Not Always Biased against Women: Evidence from France
研究利用法国某高校入学考试的自然实验，发现男性主导学科（如数学、哲学）的评估偏向女性，而女性主导学科（如文学、生物学）偏向男性，从而平衡了科研招生中的性别比例。
We investigate the link between how male-dominated a field is, and gender bias against women in this field. Taking the entrance exam of a French higher education institution as a natural experiment, we find that evaluation is actually biased in favor of females in more male-dominated subjects (e.g., math, philosophy) and in favor of males in more female-dominated subjects (e.g., literature, biology), inducing a rebalancing of gender ratios between students recruited for research careers in science and humanities majors. Evaluation bias is identified from systematic variations across subjects in the gap between students’ nonanonymous oral and anonymous written test scores.