Racial Discrimination in Grading: Evidence from Brazil
利用巴西八年级学生和教师的行政数据，研究发现即使控制盲评考试成绩和行为特征，黑人学生的数学教师评分仍低于白人同学，表明存在种族歧视。
We investigate whether racial discrimination in the form of biased assessment of students is prevalent within Brazilian schools. Evidence is drawn from unique administrative data pertaining to eighth-grade students and educators. Holding constant performance in blindly-scored tests of proficiency and behavioral traits we find that blacks have lower teacher-assigned math grades than their white classmates. Heterogeneity in differentials provides evidence both of robustness with respect to omission biases and of compatibility with predictions from models of statistical discrimination.