Capacity Utilization in a Generalized Malmquist Index Including Environmental Factors: A Decomposition Analysis
开发了一个包含环境因素的广义Malmquist生产率指数，将效率变化分解为环境因素、资本和产能利用率的贡献，并发现产能利用率元素考虑了负外部性的限制，实证表明投入选择影响整体生产率及其分解。
Productivity measures ignoring environmental effects may give misleading information on total productivity growth. Further, business cycles in the form of capacity utilization may significantly influence productivity measures. We develop an overall Malmquist productivity index and decompose changing efficiency rates into a contribution from environmental factors, capital, and capacity utilization. Our new combined capacity utilization element contributes to the literature in that it also takes into account the restriction for producing negative externalities. Empirical applications illustrate that the choice of inputs influences the overall productivity measure and its decomposition into efficiency changes and technical changes, and the capacity utilization element. <i></i>