Legal Status and Earnings of Agricultural Workers
研究发现美国农业工人中，有合法身份者比无证工人平均收入高15%，收入差异主要来自工资而非工时，且语言能力可弥补部分损失。
Abstract Agricultural workers who work in the United States earn 15% more on average than do undocumented workers. These earnings differentials vary substantially with demographic characteristics. For example, much of the weekly earnings loss from not having legal status can be offset by language ability. Most of the earnings differential is due to wage differentials rather than hours differentials.