Measuring the Bias of Technological Change
提出一个估计多维生产率生产函数的框架，利用西班牙企业面板数据直接衡量技术变革在劳动增强和要素中性两个维度上的偏向性，发现两者每年各推动产出增长约1.5%。
Technological change can increase the productivity of the various factors of production in equal terms, or it can be biased toward a specific factor. We directly assess the bias of technological change by measuring, at the level of the individual firm, how much of it is labor augmenting and how much is factor neutral. To do so, we develop a framework for estimating production functions when productivity is multidimensional. Using panel data from Spain, we find that technological change is biased, with both its labor-augmenting and its factor-neutral components causing output to grow by about 1.5 percent per year.