Collective action in the face of international environmental regulation
研究了在CFC被禁止的威胁下，CFC生产商如何发起两种不同形式的集体行动，并用集体行动理论中的集体物品和搭便车概念解释合作行为的发生。
Abstract Most studies of environmental impacts operate at the level of the individual firm. However, firms can act collectively in the face of threats such as that described in this paper: the banning of CFCs. A framework based upon concepts from theories of collective action is used to explain why two different forms of collective action were initiated by producers of CFCs. Economic calculation operating within the social institutions of the industry seemed to provide a plausible explanation for the occurrence of co‐operative behaviour. In particular the concepts of collective goods and free riding proved to be helpful in explicating the driving forces that led to joint action in these circumstances. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. and ERP Environment