Poverty, time and vagueness: integrating the core poverty and chronic poverty frameworks
识别了贫困的三个元维度（深度与严重性、广度与多维性、时间与持续性），指出时间维度长期被忽视，并提出将时间纳入统一框架以整合核心贫困与长期贫困分析。
In recent decades there have been considerable steps forward in terms of understanding poverty. This paper identifies three ‘meta-dimensions’ of poverty, which relate to: (i) depth and severity; (ii) breadth and multidimensionality; and (iii) time and duration. The advances that have been made in terms of conceptualising, measuring and analysing poverty in each of these areas are briefly considered. It is shown that the third and final ‘meta-dimension’—time and duration—has been neglected until relatively recently. It is argued that time, and, in particular, duration is an important analytical component for understanding the experience of poverty and the processes that create and reduce poverty. The final part of the paper suggests a way of integrating time into a unified framework for understanding poverty, which can deal with the depth, breadth and duration of poverty. This involves extending Mozaffar Qizilbash's poverty and vagueness methodology to include duration.