Framing and free riding: emotional responses and punishment in social dilemma games
通过一次性线性公共品博弈实验，研究了框架效应（给予vs拿走）对社会偏好的影响，发现贡献模式相同时，情绪反应和惩罚行为不受框架影响。
Abstract In this paper, we report an experimental investigation of the effect of framing on social preferences, as revealed in a one-shot linear public goods game. We use two types of indicator to measure social preferences: self-reported emotional responses; and, as a behavioural indicator of disapproval, punishment. Our findings are that, for a given pattern of contributions, neither type of indicator depends on the Give versus Take framing that we manipulate. To this extent, they suggest that the social preferences we observe are robust to framing effects.