Beyond Computation: Information Technology, Organizational Transformation and Business Performance
研究信息技术对商业绩效的影响，发现组织投资对IT价值影响巨大，且IT收益多为无形、难以衡量，IT与生产力增长的关联早于近期宏观数据回升。
To understand the economic value of computers, one must broaden the traditional definition of both the technology and its effects. Case studies and firm-level econometric evidence suggest that: 1) organizational “investments” have a large influence on the value of IT investments; and 2) the benefits of IT investment are often intangible and disproportionately difficult to measure. Our analysis suggests that the link between IT and increased productivity emerged well before the recent surge in the aggregate productivity statistics and that the current macroeconomic productivity revival may in part reflect the contributions of intangible capital accumulated in the past.