Employment Duration and Industrial Labor Mobility in the United States, 1880–1980
比较了不同就业持续时间统计指标，利用19世纪末20世纪初的数据发现多数工业工作短暂，但一战后长期工作占比显著上升。
Recent studies of job tenure raise the question of the appropriate duration statistic to use in historical research. This article compares duration measures and examines their empirical and theoretical implications for historical research on employment tenure. Using a variety of data from the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, we find that although there existed a sector of stable jobs, most industrial jobs were brief. Since World War I, however, there has been a sharp shift in the relative size and importance of the short- and long-term job sectors.