Could Southern Italians Cooperate? Banche Popolari in the Mezzogiorno
检验了罗伯特·帕特南关于意大利南北文化差异导致经济差距的假说，通过研究19世纪末南部合作银行的策略与绩效，发现其表现差异与当地环境无关，反而支持了帕特南的观点。
Recent work by Robert Putnam has revived a contentious debate about the role of culture in Italian regional disparities. Southern Italy is argued to have been locked in an impoverishing, no-trust equilibrium. This article explores an apparent exception to Putnam's historical evidence: the South's late-nineteenth-century cooperative banks ( banche popolari ). Econometric investigation reveals important differences in the strategy and performance of these banks in North and South during the crucial decade of the 1890s, and shows that these differences cannot be attributed to differences in the local environment. In fact, the evidence is broadly consistent with Putnam's hypothesis.