Genetically Modified Crops and Product Differentiation: Trade and Welfare Effects in the Soybean Complex
构建了一个大豆复合体的局部均衡世界贸易模型，分析转基因大豆与传统大豆的替代性、种子溢价及隔离成本，发现不完全采用转基因技术是均衡结果，并评估了不同地区采用或禁止转基因大豆的福利影响。
Abstract A partial equilibrium four‐region world trade model for the soybean complex is developed in which Roundup Ready (RR) products are weakly inferior substitutes to conventional ones, RR seeds are priced at a premium, and costly segregation is necessary to separate conventional and biotech products. Solution of the calibrated model illustrates how incomplete adoption of RR technology arises in equilibrium. The United States, Argentina, Brazil, and the Rest of the World (ROW) all gain from the introduction of RR soybeans, although some groups may lose. The impacts of RR production or import bans by the ROW or Brazil are analyzed. U.S. price support helps U.S. farmers, despite hurting the United States and has the potential to improve world efficiency.