Incomplete by Design and Designing for Incompleteness
研究在持续变化环境中，如何利用不完整性进行生成式设计，以Linux和Wikipedia为例，重新定义设计为行动的中介和结果。
The traditional scientific approach to design extols the virtues of completeness. However, in environments characterized by continual change, there are challenges in adopting such an approach. We examine Linux and Wikipedia as two exemplary cases to explore the nature of design in such a protean world. Our observations highlight a pragmatic approach to design in which incompleteness is harnessed in a generative manner. This suggests a change in the meaning of the word `design' itself — from one that separates the process of design from its outcome, to one that considers design as both the medium and outcome of action.