Like Godfather, Like Son: Exploring the Intergenerational Nature of Crime
研究发现，父亲有犯罪记录会使子女犯罪概率显著增加，且父亲服刑次数每增加一次，子女犯罪率上升32%至53%。代际犯罪传递强度低于高中毕业率但高于贫困，人力资本和父母行为可解释60%-80%的传递效应。
Sons (daughters) with criminal fathers have 2.06 (2.66) times higher odds of having a criminal conviction than those with noncriminal fathers. One additional paternal sentence increases sons' (daughters') convictions by 32 (53) percent. Compared to traditional labor market measures, the intergenerational transmission of crime is lower than that for high school completion but higher than that for poverty. At the intensive margin, the intergenerational crime relationship is as strong as those for earnings and years of schooling. Parental human capital and parental behaviors can account for 60–80 percent of the intergenerational crime relationship. Paternal role-modeling also matters.