The Competitiveness of Markets with Switching Costs
研究两期差异化产品双寡头市场，消费者因转换成本在第二期被部分锁定，导致第一期价格更低、两期价格可能高于无转换成本市场，对理解转换成本如何影响竞争和定价有帮助。
This article examines a two-period differentiated-products duopoly which consumers are partially locked in by switching costs that they face the second period. While these switching costs naturally make demand more inelastic the second period, they also do so the first period, because consumers recognize that a firm with a higher market share charges a higher price the second period and hence is a less attractive supplier to which to be attached. Prices are lower the first period than subsequently, because firms compete for market share that is valuable later. But prices may be higher both periods than they would be a market without switching costs.