Targeting and the Humorous Episode in Group Process
研究了六种不同群体中目标指向与非目标指向幽默言论的数量、性质与模式，发现约三分之二的幽默有目标指向，且欣赏性幽默多于贬低性幽默，幽默片段常由2-5条言论组成，长期群体产生更多更长的片段。
The present experiment concerned an evaluation of the number, nature, and pattern of targeted and nontargeted humorous remarks produced by individuals in six different group settings. Results indicated that humorous targeting occurred in about two-thirds of the cases except for short-term problem-solving groups where only 36%l'o of humorous remarks were directed. For all six groups, however, the ratio of appreciative to deprecating targeted remarks was about 2:1 or 3:1. Humorous remarks often occurred in episodes of from two to five remarks, with enduring groups producing more and longer episodes. Single item and more extended episodes contained a greater number of appreciative and neutral remarks while episodes of intermediate length contained more deprecating remarks. For groups in which cross-person targeting was evaluated, there was a reasonably strong correlation between targeting and being targeted by others. Present results were interpreted to suggest that the meaning and function of a humorous event can best be understood from the point of view of the group and not from some external, objective point of view. When this is done, even deprecating remarks can be seen as providing a condition of group support for such remarks allow an acceptable expression of personal and group discomfort even as they single out and specially note individual group members. In addition, such remarks strengthen intragroup bonding by bringing about the communal response of group laughter.