The Impact of the Great Migration on Mortality of African Americans: Evidence from the Deep South
研究了20世纪初非裔美国人从美国南部农村向北方、中西部和西部城市的大规模迁徙（大迁徙）如何增加了他们的死亡率，利用出生地与铁路线的距离作为工具变量进行分析。
The Great Migration—the massive migration of African Americans out of the rural South to largely urban locations in the North, Midwest, and West—was a landmark event in US history. Our paper shows that this migration increased mortality of African Americans born in the early twentieth century South. This inference comes from an analysis that uses proximity of birthplace to railroad lines as an instrument for migration.