Tariff Escalation and Invasive Species Risk
研究农产品和林业产品市场的关税升级如何加剧入侵物种风险，发现降低加工品关税可同时提高资源配置效率并减少入侵物种外部性，实现双赢。
We investigate the interface between trade and invasive species (IS) risk, focusing on the existing tariff escalation in agro-forestry product markets and its implication for IS risk. Tariff escalation in processed agro-forestry products exacerbates the risk of IS by biasing trade flows toward increased trade of primary commodity flows and against processed-product trade. We show that reducing tariff escalation by lowering the tariff on processed goods increases allocative efficiency and reduces the IS externality, a win-win situation. We also identify policy menus for trade reforms involving tariffs on both raw input and processed goods, leading to win-win situations.