The Wage Gap against Gay Men: The Leveling of the Playing Field
利用1995-2011年美国当前人口调查数据，用Heckman两步法估计工资方程，发现男同性恋者的工资差距在过去二十年显著缩小，且差距集中在管理、销售和保护服务三个职业，表明歧视可能正在消失。
Summary This study uses data from the M arch S upplement C urrent P opulation S urvey ( CPS ) to examine the wage differential against gay men from 1995 to 2011 in the U nited S tates. A wage equation is estimated using the H eckman two‐stage method, which addresses the sample selection bias inherent in wage equation estimations. We find evidence that in the U nited S tates the wage gap against gay men has significantly decreased over the last two decades. We also find that evidence that the wage gap has become concentrated in three occupations: managerial, sales, and protective services. We conclude that the evidence is most consistent with the hypothesis that discrimination is decreasing, and possibly non‐existent and that any lingering discrimination is based on the taste for discrimination by employees against being managed by a gay man and by customers.