Overcoming Hermeticism in Organization Theory: An Alternative to Paradigm Incommensurability
指出组织分析中一个逻辑问题：学者既说范式不可通约，又提倡跨范式研究。通过回溯库恩与波普尔的争论，并借助维特根斯坦的“语言游戏”概念，提出范式调和的中间立场，主张通过“训练”进入新范式。
The paper discusses a major logical problem in recent organizational analysis the assumption that while paradigms are incommensurable, movement between them is nonproblematic, i.e., writers suggest paradigms are exclusive yet advocate interparadigm research (Ritzer, 1975; Burrell and Morgan, 1979; Pondy and Boje, 1981; Morgan, 1986). To make sense of this, and to establish an argument for paradigm mediation, we return to the origins of the debate in Kuhn's philosophy of science. In finding much equivocation in Kuhn, and especially in his debate with Popper, we draw upon the "later" Wittgenstein for facilitating Giddens' "relativity without relativism. " The analysis rejects both Kuhn's (1962) "strong" thesis of incommensurability and Popper's (1970) notion of liberal transions, in favor of a middle ground through Wittgenstein's (1953) "language-game of everyday life. "For organizational analysis, the paper argues for being "trained into" new paradigms, given the premise that "unorganized experience cannot order perception" (Phillips, 1977).