Farm Income Variability and the Supply of Off‐Farm Labor
研究发现，如果农民厌恶风险，农场收入波动越大，他们越可能外出打工。对堪萨斯州农民的样本分析证实了这一效应，同时发现政府收入支持会减少农民及其配偶的非农就业。
Abstract If farmers are risk averse, greater farm income variability should increase off‐farm labor supply. This effect is confirmed for a sample of Kansas farmers. Off‐farm employment of farmers and their spouses is also found to be significantly influenced by farm experience, off‐farm work experience, farm size, leverage, efficiency, and farm‐specific education. In addition, farm operators and spouses who receive significant income support through government farm programs are less likely to work off the farm. This may suggest that policy changes reducing farm income support payments may increase off‐farm employment of farmers and their spouses.