The Accidental Internationalists: A Theory of Born Globals
提出天生全球化企业（INVs/BGs）的商业模式使其能快速实现海外销售，因为它们销售低沟通、运输和适应成本的利基产品，无需额外时间或努力，因此可视为偶然的国际主义者。
The distinguishing characteristic of international new ventures/born globals (INVs/BGs) is that they have foreign sales from the outset, or very quickly afterward. I argue that this is due to their business model. INVs/BGs sell to spatially dispersed customers distinctive niche products that incur low communication, transportation, and adaptation costs. In contrast to the firms described by the Uppsala model, selling to foreign customers does not require additional time or effort for INVs/BGs. Thus INVs/BGs can be seen as accidental internationalists.