Measuring the rate and bias of technical innovation in Japanese agriculture: An alternative approach
开发了一种衡量技术变革速率与偏向的替代方法，并应用于1878-1938年日本农业数据，发现该时期农业高效、创新迅速，且创新主要偏向使用当前投入和资本、节约土地和劳动力。
In this paper an alternative methodology for measuring the rate and bias of technical change is developed. The method is then applied to Japanese agricultural data for the period 1878 to 1938. The results indicate that Japanese agriculture was efficient, technical innovation was rapid, and this innovation was primarily current input and capital using and land and labour saving.