Self-Management: Its Control and Relationship to Other Organizational Properties
提出自我管理的复杂概念，认为自我管理的员工并非松散监督，而是受到紧密控制，并指出客户参与会调节自我管理与组织结构的关系。
Current models on self-management in organizations generally have taken a bivariate perspective. This paper proposes a more complex conceptualization of self-management in which its control mechanisms are examined. It is argued that the self-managed employee is far from loosely supervised; such employee is closely controlled. It is argued further that the clientele's active participation in the operation of the organization mediates the widely held relationship between self-management and structure.