A Belief‐focused Process Model of Organizational Learning*
从社会视角而非信息处理视角出发，提出一个组织学习过程模型，强调信念的构建、修改和维持，并探讨了个人与组织学习的互动，对管理者和学者理解竞争环境中的组织学习有参考价值。
Applying the property of learning to organizations has caused confusion. The paper develops a proposed model or framework for capturing the essential process of organizational learning, and adopts a definition of learning which is applicable to both individual and organizational learning. A discussion of emergent and planned learning enables a case to be made for the importance of understanding organizational learning in a competitive and changing environment, and for the key role of senior managers in managing this process. The theoretical orientation is the social rather than the information processing perspective in that organizational learning is reflected in the construction, modification and maintenance of beliefs; particularly the beliefs towards those stakeholders who are instrumental in achieving an organization's mission and strategic goals. Theories and concepts are explored which account for these belief systems, and for the interaction between individual and organizational learning. They include: reinforcement, modelling, mental models and sensemaking, tacit and explicit knowledge, memory and culture. The paper concludes by examining a number of concerns in the literature in the light of the assumptions and suggestions incorporated in the model. The hope is that these will provoke discussion (and initiate learning) among practitioners and academics.