WIC and the Price of Infant Formula
建立了一个全国婴儿配方奶粉市场的经济模型，量化独家供应合同对价格、生产商收益以及WIC计划纳税人成本的影响。
This article presents an economic model of a national infant formula market that quantifies the effects of sole‐source contracts on infant formula prices, on producer earnings, and on the taxpayer cost of providing infant formula to participants of the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children. It shows that the behavior of paying customers, manufacturers, and retail stores determines the value of local sole‐source contracts to manufacturers and that this value motivates manufacturers to acquire sole‐source contracts and make rebate payments that contain the taxpayer cost of providing infant formula to program participants.