The Good, the Bad, and the Ambivalent: Managing Identification among Amway Distributors
对安利直销商的民族志研究揭示了组织通过意义破坏与意义赋予两种实践管理成员认同的过程，并提出了认同管理的一般模型。
An ethnographic study of distributors for Amway, a network marketing organization, examines the practices and processes involved in managing members' organizational identification. It shows that this organization manages identification by using two types of practices: sensebreaking practices that break down meaning and sensegiving practices that provide meaning. When both sensebreaking and sensegiving practices are successful, members positively identify with the organization. When either sensebreaking or sensegiving practices fail, members deidentify, disidentify, or experience ambivalent identification with the organization. A general model of identification management is posited, and implications for both theory and practice are offered.