Trade Policies and the Highly Indebted Countries
研究了20世纪80年代高负债发展中国家从提高贸易壁垒到转向自由化的政策变化，以及工业国家新设非关税壁垒对这些国家偿债的负面影响。
In the early 1980s, faced with a mounting debt crisis, most highly indebted developing countries increased trade barriers to save foreign exchange—but in the last three to four years, they have reversed course. Almost all of these countries have undergone real devaluations, and many have undertaken significant liberalizations, so much so that some (Bolivia, Costa Rica, Jamaica, Mexico, Morocco, and Uruguay) are less protectionist than before the debt crisis. But industrial countries have imposed new nontariff barriers against imports from highly indebted countries. Canada, Australia, the European Community, and the United States have greatly increased the use of countervailing duties and antidumping actions. This makes it more difficult for highly indebted countries to pay off their debts, and ultimately rebounds on creditor governments and banks.