An Analysis of Consumer Response to Corruption: Italy's Calciopoli Scandal
利用2005-06赛季意大利足球“电话门”丑闻，研究发现被处罚球队的主场上座率下降约16%，导致门票收入显著减少，表明部分球迷因腐败丑闻而不再到场支持。
The Calciopoli episode affecting Italian football in the 2005–6 season serves as an opportunity for an empirical investigation into consumer (fan) behavior, following league‐imposed punishments on clubs whose officials were found guilty of corrupt practices. Using a difference‐in‐differences estimation method, we find that home attendances for convicted teams fell by around 16%, relative to those clubs not subject to punishment. We show further that the fall in attendances resulted in non‐trivial gate revenue reductions. Our results suggest that a sizeable number of fans of the punished clubs were subsequently deterred from supporting their teams inside the stadium.