Revolutionary Wars and Public Finances: The Madrid Treasury, 1784–1807
基于马德里国库1784-1807年的手稿账目，研究证实西班牙财政不可避免地走向破产，原因在于战时殖民收入受损而传统收入缺乏弹性，表明旧制度下的有限财政无法应对革命时代的挑战。
This study is based on the manuscript accounts of the Madrid Treasury for 1784– 1807. It confirms the customary view of an inexorable descent into bankruptcy, but also shows why this situation arose. A detailed analysis of receipts demonstrates the importance of colonial revenues and the stability of traditional income sources. In wartime, such as repeatedly plagued the country, the former was jeopardized and the latter proved too inelastic to respond to rising demand. On balance, the inescapable conclusion is that Spain was a limited fiscal entity which could not meet the challenge of a revolutionary era without breaking decisively with the restrictive structures of the Old Regime.