On the Origin of Utility, Weighting, and Discounting Functions: How They Get Their Shapes and How to Change Their Shapes
提出理论解释效用、概率权重和时间折现函数形状的来源，并通过实验操纵金钱、概率和延迟的分布来改变这些形状，发现主观映射并不稳定，挑战了预期效用和前景理论等经典假设。
We present a theoretical account of the origin of the shapes of utility, probability weighting, and temporal discounting functions. In an experimental test of the theory, we systematically change the shape of revealed utility, weighting, and discounting functions by manipulating the distribution of monies, probabilities, and delays in the choices used to elicit them. The data demonstrate that there is no stable mapping between attribute values and their subjective equivalents. Expected and discounted utility theories, and also their descendants such as prospect theory and hyperbolic discounting theory, simply assert stable mappings to describe choice data and offer no account of the instability we find. We explain where the shape of the mapping comes from and, in describing the mechanism by which people choose, explain why the shape depends on the distribution of gains, losses, risks, and delays in the environment. Data, as supplemental material, are available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2013.1853 . This paper was accepted by Yuval Rottenstreich, judgment and decision making.