On the Characterisation and Measurement of the Redistributive Effect of Agricultural Policy
提出评估农业政策再分配效应的框架，并以苏格兰为例发现政策虽在绝对意义上具有累进性，但因横向不公平导致农场收入不平等加剧。
Abstract The article proposes a coherent framework for the evaluation of the redistributive performance of agricultural policy. An illustrative study shows that the vertical stance of policy in Scotland was progressive in absolute terms, reflecting the chronic dependence of Scottish agriculture on policy transfers. Nevertheless, the overall redistributive effect of policy was to increase absolute inequality in farm incomes because of horizontal inequities in the incidence of transfers, though neither systematic discrimination between farm types nor systematic reranking was the main cause. The targeting of policy transfers could be improved by the use of indicator variables more strongly correlated with pre‐transfer incomes.