Toward a Typology of Employee Ownership
指出不同形式的员工所有制对企业及其员工有不同影响，通过构建类型学区分直接所有制、员工持股计划和生产者合作社三种类型，并按八个分类因素进行比较，帮助社会科学研究者更清晰地解释这些所有制安排的利弊。
Employee ownership has received considerable attention in recent years, in part due to claims that it enhances work satisfaction, increases productivity and profitability, and brings some measure of workers' control to the production process. Research in the field, however, indicates that such links are not inevitable and that different forms of employee ownership have different effects on companies and their workforces. Without this recognition, subsequent research and policy recommendations will suffer. The author argues the need to resolve a number of terminological and definitional problems in the field, and contributes to this task through the development of a typology of employee ownership. Three general types of employee ownership-direct ownership, employee stock ownership plans, and producer cooperatives-are isolated and compared according to eight classificatory factors. Subtypes of each of these categories are also advanced. Recognizing the wide variation in employee ownership forms will allow social scientists to explain more clearly the benefits and deficiencies associated with these new ownership arrangements.