Substitutability and Protectionism: Latin America's Trade Policy and Imports from China and India
研究了拉丁美洲政府如何应对中国和印度出口的快速增长，发现对中印商品征收更高关税是因为它们与本地产品替代性更强，扩展了“保护待售”模型。
This article examines the trade policy response of Latin American governments to the rapid growth of Chinese and Indian exports in world markets. To explain more protection in sectors where a large share of imports originates in China and India, the “protection for sale” model is extended to allow for region-specific degrees of substitutability between domestic and imported varieties of a good. The results suggest that more protection toward Chinese and Indian goods can be explained by the higher substitutability of Chinese and Indian goods with domestic varieties. The data support the model, which performs better than the original protection for sale framework in explaining Latin America's structure of protection.