Countervailing Immigration and Domestic Migration in Gateway Cities: Australian and Canadian Variations on an American Theme
研究了大型门户城市中移民流入与国内净迁出之间的空间规律，将分析扩展到悉尼和多伦多，并强调住房市场在区分两类人口流动中的作用。
Abstract: This article addresses the spatial regularity of countervailing population flows of immigration and net domestic migration, respectively, into and out of large gateway cities. This regularity has been noted most often in the United States, and the argument presented here makes two new contributions. First, it extends the analysis to the principal Australian and Canadian gateway cities of Sydney and Toronto, making use of an extended time series of annual data. Second, it argues for the importance of the neglected effects of housing markets, in contrast to conventional accounts that stress cultural avoidance or labor market competition, in differentiating the two demographic streams. The article shows how trends in the housing market separate the locational preferences of immigrants from two diverse groups of domestic migrants.