Adaptation to Climate Change in Preindustrial Iceland
研究了18-19世纪冰岛气温变化对人口增长率的影响，发现年均气温降低1摄氏度使人口增长率下降1.14%，但20年后适应效应可抵消约60%的短期影响。
We investigate the effect of climate change on population growth in 18th and 19th century Iceland. We find that annual temperature changes help determine the population growth rate in pre-industrial Iceland: a year 1 degree Celsius cooler than average drives down population growth rates by 1.14%. We also find that 18th and 19th century Icelanders adapt to prolonged changes in climate after 20 years. These adaptations reduce the short run effect of annual change in temperature by about 60%. Finally, a 1 degree Celsius sustained decrease in temperature decreases the steady state population by 10% to 26%.