Are food safety standards different from other food standards? A political economy perspective
用政治经济学模型分析食品安全标准、食品质量标准及社会与环境标准的不同性质如何影响政府设定的最优标准水平和贸易冲突的可能性，发现食品安全标准因消费效应更强而通常被设定得更高。
This paper uses a political economy model which integrates risk to analyse whether the nature of public food standards [food safety standards, food quality standards, and social and environmental standards] affects the politically optimal level of the standard and the likelihood of trade conflicts. In general, public food safety standards are set at higher levels because stronger consumption effects translate into larger political incentives for governments. The relationship between food standards and protectionism is also affected by the nature of the standards.