Italy: Fragmentation of policies and research effort
指出意大利农村发展研究虽受多学科关注，但定量模型应用零散，且各项促进工农发展的政策缺乏协调，导致缺乏统一的农村发展政策。
In Italy, rural development, in spite of the attention received by a wide spectrum of disciplines, is considered an autonomous area of teaching and research. A major portion of the literature is concemed with the description and interpretation of the regional and intersectorial impact of the postwar development process in Italy, placing substantial emphasis on the analysis of major phenomena and variables involved in this process (difused versus concentrated industrialization, migration, part-time farming). The application of quantitative models to the analysis of rural development has received fragmentary attention. In spite of the massive public effort aimed at orienting the geographical distribution of the development process, the absolute lack of coordination among the several measures conceived to promote agricultural and industrial development underlines the absence of an overall policy for rural development.