Amoral Familism, Social Capital, or Trust? The Behavioural Foundations of the Italian North-South Divide
通过首个意大利南北分化的实地实验室实验，发现即使排除地理、制度和犯罪差异，南北居民在合作行为上仍存在差距，且该差距不能用风险容忍度、社会资本或非道德家庭主义解释，可能源于社会规范的持久差异。
We present the first laboratory-in-the field experiment on the Italian North-South divide. Using a representative sample of the population, we measure whether regional disparities in ability to cooperate emerge even if differences in geography, institutions and criminal intrusion are silenced. We report that a behavioural gap in cooperation exists: Northern and Southern citizens react differently to the same incentives. Moreover, this gap cannot be accounted for by tolerance for risk, proxies of social capital and 'amoral familism'. At least a share of North-South disparities is likely to derive from persistent differences in social norms.