ISO 9000 and other metastandards: Principles for management practice?
探讨ISO 9000等元标准作为管理新技术的原理，分析其是否基于科学还是炼金术，以及最佳标准是否可能偏离预期。
Executive Overview Managers around the world are witnessing the spread of standards for evaluating managerial practices. Recent examples include the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 9000, the US Federal Sentencing Guidelines, recent regulations of the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), environmental management standards, and the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO) Framework internal controls. These metastandards constitute a new management technology that may bring meaningful standardization to general management practice for the first time in history. But do standards reflect alchemy or science? Can best-laid standards, like best-laid plans, go awry?