Biodiversity, poverty, and development
这篇论文综述了陆地生物多样性及其保护对经济发展和贫困的影响，从宏观和微观尺度分析了生物多样性与经济的关系、未来挑战，以及保护区和生物勘探政策对贫困人口福利的作用。
Biodiversity is crucial for the production of a range of marketed and non-marketed ecosystem goods and services. This paper reviews the empirical evidence for the role of terrestrial biodiversity and biodiversity conservation in economic development and poverty, at both the macro (e.g. country) and micro (e.g. farm) scales. It first examines general relationships between biodiversity and economic development before showing how biodiversity influences ecosystem services. Second, future scenarios and challenges for biodiversity and development are examined, given projections for further changes in global population, economic growth, and consumption. Third, the relationship between biodiversity protection and incomes is investigated. Two specific policies, protected areas and bioprospecting, are reviewed with respect to their impacts on the welfare of the resource-dependent poor. In conclusion, improvements in policy design and implementation could help minimize the possibility of earth's sixth mass extinction event, at least within a few generations, while ensuring that the poor are not made worse off as a result of policy implementation.