OUTWARD BOUND: STRATEGIC FOR TEAM SURVIVAL IN AN ORGANIZATION.
研究五个咨询团队如何通过告知、巡游和探查三种策略与外部环境互动，发现主动探查外部环境的团队绩效最高，但短期成员满意度和凝聚力会下降。
Using an external perspective as a research lens, this study examined team-context interaction in five consulting teams. The data revealed three strategies toward the teams' environment: informing, parading, and probing. Informing teams remain relatively isolated from their environment; parading teams have high levels of passive observation of the environment; and probing teams actively engage outsiders. Probing teams revise their knowledge of the environment through external contact, initiate programs with outsiders, and promote their team's achievements within their organization. In this study, they were rated as the highest performers among the teams, although member satisfaction and cohesiveness suffered in the short run. Results suggested that external activities are better predictors of team performance than internal group processes for teams facing external dependence.