Coping with change: The contribution of postdichotomous ontologies
用语言隐喻提出四种现实类型，认为二分法思维难以应对复杂变革，而后二分法思维更有助于组织成员在变化中“思考性地行动”即应对而非管理。
This article seeks to conceptualize interactions surrounding organizational change. Four ideal types of reality(ies) are presented here using the metaphor of language. Actors' representations of experience are presented in order to illustrate these concepts. We argue that types 1 and 2, which are epitomized by dichotomous thought, are unlikely to provide adequate managerial insight in coping with complex change, whereas types 3 and 4, which are typified by 'postdichotomous' thought, hold greater possibilities as frameworks for coping with such social situations. The concept of 'coping', as opposed to 'managing', as a way of 'acting thinkingly' in and around organizational change is explored.