Managerial Behavior, Uncertainty and Hierarchy: A Prelude to a Synthesis
研究了任务不确定性对管理者发起和搜索行为的影响，发现不同层级的管理者行为规律不同，仅从任务互动或层级位置解释会不完整。
This study investigates the effect of task uncertainty on the initiating and search behavior of managers. Competing theoretical arguments are assessed empirically using data collected by sampling randomly the work activities of 50 managers. The findings show that different arguments hold for upper level managers than hold for lower level managers, suggesting that explanations for managerial behavior solely in terms of manager-task interaction or solely in terms of hierarchic position will be incomplete or misleading.