Unions, Flexibility, Team Working and Financial Performance
利用英国第三次工作场所劳资关系调查和雇主人力技能实践调查数据，研究发现工会对灵活性和团队合作的采用有复杂影响：封闭工厂抑制采用，而认可工会则促进采用；工会与灵活性和团队合作的联合效应正向影响财务绩效。
The relationship between unions, new work practices and organizational performance has been the subject of much debate. Some commentators view unions as inimical to new work practices, whereas others see them as offering channels to facilitate their introduction. It has also been suggested that unions might prevent such practices from attaining their full potential and thereby their enhanced organizational performance. Using data from the third Workplace Industrial Relations Survey and the Employer Manpower Skills Practices Survey, a multinominal logit analysis is undertaken involving proxies for the adoption of flexibility and team working as the dependent variable and a vector of variables (including proxies for unionism) as independent variables. The results indicate that the presence of a closed shop at the workplace inhibits the adoption of flexibility and team working but that the presence of a recognized union is beneficial to their introduction. A binomial logit analysis of financial performance also indicates that the joint effect of union presence and both flexibility and team working on financial performance is positive, even though the single effect of union presence is negative.